Bronchodilators include

Albuterol, Biotolterol, Ephedrine,Ephinephrine, Ethylnorepinephrine, Isoetharine, Isoproterrenol, Metaproterenol, Pirbuterol, Sametrol, Terbutaline

Refer- Ephedrine- Inhalation

Diuretics agument hypokalemia.

Inhibited by beta-blockers. B1 receptors selectivity.

Potentiated by steroids.

Bronchodilators include-

Albuterol, Biotolterol, Ephedrine,Ephinephrine, Ethylnorepinephrine, Isoetharine, Isoproterrenol, Metaproterenol, Pirbuterol, Sametrol, Terbutaline

Refer- Ephedrine- Inhalation

Ventricular ectopics, tremor, anxiety, muscle cramps, headache, palpitations.

Tolerance develops to these ADRs.

I.V. administration (High dose to delay labour)- nausea, vomiting and metabolic effects.

Inhalation- Cough, irritation of throat, swallowed inhalation may cause epigastric pain.

Hypersentivity.

Special precautions:

1st trimester of pregnancy.

Indications:

Relief and prevention of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease. Prevention of excercise induced broncho-spasm.

Dosage:

Aerosol inhalation- Adults and children more than 12 years - 2 inhalations repeated every 4 to 6hours. More frequent inhalations or larger number of inhalations not recommended.

Tablets - Adults and children more than 12 years - Starting dose 2 or 4mg 3 or 4 times daily. Do not exceed total daily dose of 32mg/day.

Tablets extended release- usual starting dose is 4 or 8mg every 12 hours. Do not exceed daily dose of 32mg/day.

Bronchodilators- include

Albuterol, Biotolterol, Ephedrine,Ephinephrine, Ethylnorepinephrine, Isoetharine, Isoproterrenol, Metaproterenol, Pirbuterol, Sametrol, Terbutaline

Refer- Ephedrine- Inhalation

1. Do not exceed the recommended dosage, excessive use may lead to adverse effect or loss of efectiveness.

2. Do not stop or adjust the dose.

3. Do not change brands without consulting the physician or the pharmacist.

4. If more than one inhaltion is necessary,wait for at least one full minute between inhalitions (administer the second inhalation at 3 to 5 minutes for isoproternol and epinephrine, 2 minutes for metoproternol ).

5. Notify physician of failure to respond to usual dosage or of dizziness or chest pain.

6. Isopreternol may cause the patients saliva to turn pinkish-red.

7. Allergies- Tell your doctor if you had any unusual or allergic reactions to albuterol, bioterol, epinephrine, fenoterol, isoetharine, isoproterenol, metaproternol, pirbuterol, procaterol, racepinephrine, terbutaline or other inhalation medicines. Also tell your doctor if you are allergic to any other substances such as foods, or prservatives or dyes.

8. Pregnancy- For albuterol,bioterol, and metaproterenol- not studied in pregnant women. However studies in animals have shown that albuterol, biterol and metaproternol have shown that these drugs cause birth defects when given in doses manytimes the usual human inhalation dose.

For epinephrine,and racepineprine- have not been studied in pregnant women. Animal studies have shown that epinephrine cause birth defects when given in doses many times the usual human inhalation dose. Use of epinephrine and racepinephrine during pregnancy may decrease the supply of oxygen to the fetus.

For isoetharine and isoproternol- studies o birth defects have not been done on humans or animals For procaterol- not studied in pregnant women

For terbutalene- has not been studied. Has not shown to cause birth defects when given in doses many times the human inhalation dose. However terbutaline may delay labour

8. Breast-feeding- For albuterol, bioterol, fenoterol, isoetharine, isoproterenol, metaproprenol, pirbuterol,and procaterol- not known whether passes into breast milk. Although most nedicines pass ito breast milk in small amounts, many of them may be used safely while breast feeding.

Mothers who are taking this medicine and who wish to breast feed should discuss this with their doctor.

 9. Children- no specific information comparing use of albuterol, bitoterol, fenoterol, isoetharine, isoproterenol, metaprterenol, pirbuterol, racepinephrine, or terbutaline in children with use in other age groups.

These medicines are not expected to caue any differetside effects or problems in chldren than they do in adults. Infants and children may be more sensitive to the effects of epinephrine. Fainting has occured after epinephrine was given to children with asthma.

10. Elderly- no specific iformation comparing use of inhalation bronchodilators in the elderly.

11. Other medicines- Tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines- Betablockers - acebutol, atenolol, betatexol, bisoprolol, cartelol, labetol, levobunol, nadolol, oxeprenol, penbutol, pinodol, propranolol- these medicines may prevent the adrenergic bronchdilators from working properly.

 Monoamine oxidase inibitors - using adrenergic bronchodilators while you are taking or within 2 weeks of of taking MAOI may incr the effects of MAOI

12. Other medical problems- Tell your doctor if you have other medical problems especially- Brain damage Convulsions Diabetes mellitus -adrenergic bronchodilators may make the condition worse, your doctor may need to change the dose of your diabetes medicine.

 13. Missed dose- If you miss of this medicine take it as soon as possible. Then use the remaining doses for thatday at regularly spaced intervals Do not double doses.

14. Storage - Keep out of reach of children. Store away from heat or direct sunlight. Store the aerosol form of this medicine away from direct sunlight. Keep the medicine fromfreezing Do not punture ,break, or burn the inhalation aerosol container even if it is empty

15. Outdated medicines - Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed. Be sure that any discarded medicine is out of reach of children. .

Bronchodilators- include

Albuterol, Biotolterol, Ephedrine,Ephinephrine, Ethylnorepinephrine, Isoetharine, Isoproterrenol, Metaproterenol, Pirbuterol, Sametrol, Terbutaline

Refer- Ephedrine- Inhalation

Refer sympathomimetics- bronchodilators

Bronchodilators- include

Albuterol, Biotolterol, Ephedrine,Ephinephrine, Ethylnorepinephrine, Isoetharine, Isoproterrenol, Metaproterenol, Pirbuterol, Sametrol, Terbutaline

Refer- Ephedrine- Inhalation