Drug Interaction:
Antihistamines Include: First Generation ( Non-selective )
Ethanolamine- Carbinoxamine. Clemastine, Diphenhydramine. Ethylenediamines- Pyrilamine, Triplennamine Akylamines- Brompheneramine, Chlorpheniramine, Dexchlor pheniramine,Pheniramine,Triprolidine Phenothiazines- Methidilazine, Promethizine, trimeprazine
Piperidines- Azatadine, Cyproheptadine, Phenindamine Miscellaneous- Astemazole, Loratadine, Terfenadine Second Generation ( Peripherally selective ) Phthalazinone - Azelastine Piperazine - Cetrizine
Refer - Chlorpheniramine maleate
Indication:
Allergic conditions
Antihistamines Include: First Generation ( Non-selective )
Ethanolamine- Carbinoxamine. Clemastine, Diphenhydramine. Ethylenediamines- Pyrilamine, Triplennamine Akylamines- Brompheneramine, Chlorpheniramine, Dexchlor pheniramine,Pheniramine,Triprolidine Phenothiazines- Methidilazine, Promethizine, trimeprazine
Piperidines- Azatadine, Cyproheptadine, Phenindamine Miscellaneous- Astemazole, Loratadine, Terfenadine Second Generation ( Peripherally selective ) Phthalazinone - Azelastine Piperazine - Cetrizine
Refer - Chlorpheniramine maleate
Adverse Reaction:
CNS depression, paradoxical excitation in children, Dry mouth, blurring of vision, Constipation, urinary retension, Bradycardia,followed by tachycardia an darryhthmias, GI disturbances, Blood dyscrasias, Rash, vertigo, dizziness, Ataxia, tinnitus, Parasthesias, headache.
Contra-Indications:
Hypersens, pregnancy, G.I. urinary outflow obstruction, paralytic ileus.
Special precautions: Severe CVS disorders, epilepsy, lactation, diabetes, hypertension, BHP, elderly.
Dosages/ Overdosage Etc:
Allergic conditions
Dosage: Tablets and syrup- Adults- 2.5 to 4mg daily Children(over 3 years) 2.5mg at bed time or 3 times daily, if needed Children(6 mths to 3 years)- 1.25mg at bed time or 3 times daily, if needed
Sustained release- Adults- 5mg every 12 hours Children- more than 6 years- 5mg per day
Patient Information:
1. Inform patients of a history of glaucoma, peptic ulcer, urinary retention, or pregnancy before starting antihistamine therapy
2. May cause nervousness, insomnia, and dry mouth
3. May cause drowsiness, or dizziness(except astemazole,loratadine, and tefenadine)
4. Patients should observe caution while driving or performing other tasks requiring alertness, coordination or physical dexterity.
5. Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants (eg,. sedatives, hypnotics, tranquilizers)
6. May cause GI upset, take with food. Take Astemazole on an empty stomach, at least 2 hours after or 1 hour before a meal. Take Lorantidine on an empty stomach.
7. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, may cause photosentivity.
8. Do not crush or chew sustained releae preparations
9.Astemazole/ Terfenadine: Patients should not take these agents if they have hepatic dysfunction or if they are also receiving ketoconazole, itraconazole or erythromycin
10. Phenothiazines- Patients should report any involuntary muscle movements or unusual sensitivity to sunlight.
Pharmacology/ Pharmacokinetics:
Refer antihistamines
Interaction with Food:
None reported
Pregnancy and lactation:
Refer antihistamines
