Drug Interaction:
Interacting drugs- summary
Roxithromycin +
Pimozide / Terefenadine/ Astemizole / Cisapride
Roxithromycin inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes leading to decreased
metabolism resulling in increased serum concentration of these drugs.
Result in prolonged QT intervals, severe ventricular arrhythmias and
sudden death. Avoid concomittant administration of roxithromycin with
terfenadine, astemizole and cisapride.
Warfarin
Although roxithromycin has a lesser inhibiting effect on cytochrome P450
enymes than other macrolide antibiotics, roxithromycin may potentiate the effects of warfarin in severely ill
elderly or compromised patients and increase risk of bleeding
Disopyramide
Roxithromycin displaces disopyramide from protein-binding sites in vitro.
Concurrent administration of these drugs in vivo resulted in increased
disopyramide serum concentration. Consequently ECG and if possible
disopyramide levels should be monitored
Midazolam
Roxithromycin may inhibit benzodiazepine metabolism, leading to
increased plasma concentration of benzodiapines toxicirty (CNS depression,
ataxia, lethargy)
Digoxin
Macrolide increases plasma concentration of digoxin resulting in
increased risk of toxicity. Serum dogoxin levels should be carefully
monitored when roxithromycin is added to or withdrawn from therapy
Theophylline
Caution should be excercised with patients receiving concomittant
theophylline therapy as roxithromycin may increase theophylline levels,
which lead to theophylline toxicity.
Adverse Reaction:
Abdominal discomfort and cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Hypersentivity reactions are uncommon and may include pruritis,urticaria, skin rash, angio-edema, purpura, bronchospasm, as well as occassional cases of anaphylaxis.
Contra-Indications:
Allergy to macroliode antibiotics, hypersentivity
Special preacutions-
In patients with severe impaired liver function, the recommended daily dose of 150mg BID should be halved to 150mg daily.
Observe the possiblity of cross-resistence between clarithromycin and other macrolide antibiotics as well as lincomycin and clindomycin
Pharmacology/ Pharmacokinetics:
Pharmacology-
Roxithromycin inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 23S rRNA molecule ( in the 50S subunit) of the bacterial ribosome blocking the exit of the growing peptide chain of sensitive microorganisms ( Human do not have 50S ribosomal subunits but have ribosome composed to 40 S and 60 S subunits). Serratiopeptidase enzyme causes lysis of proteins in the mucus secretion ttherby reduces viscocity of mucus.
Pharmacokinetics-
Roxithromycin is well absorbed following oral administration with a bioavailability of 50%. Absorption is reduced when taken after meal. Peak plasma concentrations of about 6 to 8 mcg/mL occur aroound 2 hours after a single dose of 150mg. The half-life of roxithromycin is prolonged in elderly (27 hours) in patients with impairment of hepatic function (25 hours) and in patients with impairment of renal function ( 18 hours). Seratiopeptidase is absorbed in the intestine. Combination has synergistic effect- Serratiopeptidase increases the efficacy of roxithromycin in respiratory infections by decreasing the viscosity of mucus and by reducing the neutrophil count. So the combination of roxithromycin with serratiopeptidase is more beneficial than roxithromycin in the treatment of respiratory infections.